Scaling and Flaking
Thin layers of the surface peeling off usually stem from freeze-thaw exposure, deicer chemicals or finishing while bleed water was still present.
Spalling
Larger sections breaking away, sometimes exposing aggregate or reinforcement, indicate more substantial surface failure and may require patching or resurfacing.
Pitting and Popouts
Small round craters can be caused by unsound aggregate or trapped moisture reaching the surface as concrete cures.
Edge and Corner Damage
Edges take the worst impacts. Damage there is often cosmetic but can accelerate if left unaddressed and can eventually undercut the slab.
Discoloration and Staining
Rust marks, oil stains and efflorescence are cosmetic issues that do not typically threaten the slab's structure.
When to Call for Help
If surface damage is widespread, exposes reinforcement or continues to spread, an evaluation is worthwhile. Request an evaluation.